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Tai Chi for Arthritis Relief

Gentle movements of the ancient Chinese exercise tai chi are one of many alternatives to help elderly people find pain relief.

By Jeanie L. Davis
WebMD Feature
Reviewed by Charlotte E. Grayson Mathis, MD

The movements of tai chi are gentle, graceful, mystical -- and, for elderly people, a very safe way to relieve arthritis pain and gain balance, strength, and flexibility. Tai chi is one of many alternative therapies that can provide relief from pain, possibly letting you cut back on pain medications.

Early mornings in large and small cities in China - and increasingly in America's parks, hospitals, and community centers - people are practicing tai chi. It is an ancient tradition said to have developed in medieval China, to help restore health of monks in poor physical condition from too much meditation and too little exercise.

Chi (pronounced chee) is the Chinese word for energy. In the healing arts, tai chi is used to promote the movement of energy through the body -- similar to blood being pumped through the body, explains Cate Morrill, a certified tai chi instructor in Atlanta. Morrill spends much of her time in teaching classes for seniors, many of whom are unfamiliar with this practice. "But after five, 10, 15 minutes of tai chi, they report having pain relief," she tells WebMD.

Virtually all major health organizations - including the Arthritis Foundation -- recommend tai chi as an activity for seniors because it provides balance of body and mind.

"The movements of tai chi keep the body fresh and allow the person to find a freer range of motion in the joints, greater flexibility, better balance," Morrill explains. Tai chi is often called "moving meditation," because it is relaxing, because the focus is on breathing and creating inner stillness -- quieting the mind, relaxing the body. When people focus on breathing and on the movements, they aren't focused on their worldly worries.

Older adults who try tai chi find the benefits flow into their everyday lives in surprising ways, Morrill tells WebMD. "Everyday stuff like gardening and cleaning the house -- even basic moves like getting in and out of a bathtub - are easier when muscles are strong and flexible, when there is proper balance and body alignment."
What Happens in Tai Chi Class

Tai chi movements are full of natural symbolism - "Wind Rolls with Lotus Leaves," "Brush Dust Against the Wind," and "White Crane Spreads Wings."

Yet the application of these moves is very practical: "Folks with arthritis in the knees tend to not bend their knees very much when they walk, so they tend to have a stiffer gait. Some tai chi exercise work to increase the knee flexibility," says Morrill.

For example, in the movement "Wave Hands Like Clouds," the focus is on the hands, which seem to drift like clouds in the air. But as the hands wave, the rest of the body is in continual slow motion, Morrill explains. The hips are driving the body motion -- as one leg bends, the other stretches, then the motion switches to the other side of the body. The arms rotate at the shoulder to strengthen shoulder muscles, which encourages the arms to stretch out fully. As weight is shifted, the body is slightly turned to produce flexibility in the waist and strength and flexibility in side muscles.


This movement may last only two minutes or so; during the hour-long class, seniors will complete at least 20 different sets of movements, says Morrill.

Seniors should not try learning tai chi from a video or DVD, she adds. A class setting, with qualified instructor who has worked with seniors, is essential. "Elderly students need an instructor who can correct their posture. If someone has severe arthritis in the left knee, they may not be able to do moves like someone who has a light case of arthritis. It's the instructor's job to modify movement to make it as safe and painless as possible for each student ... to select moves that are most appropriate."

Also, there's the camaraderie that comes from a class, Morrill tells WebMD. "People with arthritis tend to not get out much, but tai chi classes let them realize there are others in the same situation, so friendships develop, people support each other, they find other people they can share skills with. One might do the grocery shopping because the arthritis in her legs isn't too bad - and her friend does the cooking."


Gain Back 8 Years of Youth

According to legend, "if you meditate and do tai chi 100 days in a row, you gain back eight years of youth," says Morrill.

While many of today's tai chi movements have roots in martial arts, the goal is indeed therapeutic. Progress is measured in terms of coordination, strength, balance, flexibility, breathing, digestion, emotional balance, and a general sense of well-being.

Tai chi and other types of mindfulness-based practices "are intended to maintain muscle tone, strength, and flexibility, and perhaps even spiritual aspects like mindfulness - focusing in the moment, focusing away from the pain," says Raymond Gaeta, MD, director of pain management services at Stanford Hospital & Clinics.

Parag Sheth, MD, assistant professor of rehabilitation medicine at Mt. Sinai Medical Center in New York, saw the popularity of tai chi on a visit to China 15 years ago. "We saw it every morning - thousands of people in the park doing tai chi, all of them elderly," he tells WebMD.

"There's logic in how tai chi works," Sheth says. "Tai chi emphasizes rotary movements -- turning the body from side to side, working muscles that they don't use when walking, building muscle groups they are not used to using. If they have some strength in those support muscles - the rotators in the hip -- that can help prevent a fall."

The slow, controlled movements help older people feel secure doing tai chi, he adds. "Also, they learn to bend on one leg -- to control that movement - which is something you don't get to practice very often," says Sheth. "That's important because, as we get older and more insecure, we tend to limit our movements and that limits certain muscles from getting used. When people strengthen those muscles slowly, when they find their balance, they learn to trust themselves more."
What Studies Have Shown

A study published in 1997 found that seniors who took 15 tai chi lessons and practiced for 15 minutes twice daily were able to significantly reduce their risk of falls. Since then, several more studies have pointed to the physical benefits of tai chi for the elderly.

* One six-month study, a group of elderly people who took part in tai chi were about twice as likely to report that they were not limited in their ability to perform moderate-to-vigorous daily activities - things like walking, climbing, bending, lifting. The seniors in that study also reported better overall quality of life - in terms of bodily pain, mental health, and perceptions of health and independence.
* Another study of seniors with arthritis showed that those who took a 12-week tai chi course got around better and had less pain in their legs. Yet another study found that people with arthritis who took a 12-week tai chi class had stronger abdominal muscles and better balance afterward.
* A review of four studies on tai chi found that it does not appear to significantly reduce pain or lessen the severity of rheumatoid arthritis. However, it does significantly improve range of motion in the joints of the legs and ankles. Those who got the most benefit reported participating more in their tai chi classes and enjoying them more compared with those who were in a traditional exercise program.


"I'm an absolute huge fan of tai chi," says Jason Theodoskais, MD, MS, MPH, FACPM, author of The Arthritis Cure and a preventive and sports medicine specialist at the University of Arizona Medical Center.

Any type of motion helps lubricate the joints by moving joint fluid, which is helpful in relieving pain, he says. "Tai chi is not a cure-all, but it's one piece of the puzzle. What's good about tai chi is that it's a gentle motion, so even people who are severely affected with arthritis can do it. Also, tai chi helps strengthen the joints in a functional manner… you strengthen muscles in the way your body normally uses the joints."
More Alternatives for Arthritis Pain

Many more options can help relieve arthritis pain. These include:

Acupuncture: Acupuncture is another Chinese tradition that the World Health Organization has endorsed as a treatment for pain. In acupuncture, disposable, stainless steel needles are used to stimulate the body's 14 major meridians (or energy-carrying channels) to correct energy imbalances in the body, according to Chinese medical philosophy. When the needles stimulate these nerves, it causes a dull ache or feeling of fullness in the muscle.

Western doctors believe that since many acu-points are located near nerves, the needles help decrease pain by stimulating chemicals that block pain, called endorphins. The stimulated muscle sends a message to the central nervous system (the brain and spinal cord), causing the release of endorphins (morphine-like painkilling chemicals in our own bodies). This blocks the message of pain from being delivered up to the brain.

Radiofrequency ablation (RFA): This procedure can also reduce pain. An electrical current produced by a radio wave is used to heat up a small area of nerve tissue, thereby decreasing pain signals from that specific area. RFA can be used to help patients with chronic (long-lasting) low-back and neck pain and pain related to the degeneration of joints from arthritis, as well as some forms of cancer-related pain. The degree of pain relief varies, depending on the cause and location of the pain. Pain relief from RFA can last from six to 12 months and in some cases, relief can last for years. More than 70% of patients treated with RFA experience pain relief.

Acupressure: This technique is similar to acupuncture, but it uses fingertip pressure rather than needles. Acupuncture actually evolved from acupressure. The pressure of fingertips on tender areas can help relieve pain by dispersing lactic acid that builds up in target areas. It is a safe technique that you can teach yourself.

Chiropractic: A chiropractor treats diseases by manipulating the spine and other body structures, based on the belief that many diseases are caused by pressure, especially of the vertebrae, on nerves. Many people believe very strongly in this therapy because they do get pain relief from the manipulations. Check the credentials of anyone administering this therapy.

Massage Therapy: Massage is an ancient form of pain management and stress relief. Our lives today tend to be stress-filled, and massage is one way to help us relax our muscles and let our bodies be refreshed. As you read this you can probably identify areas of stress in your body. Are your shoulders tense? Is your neck stiff? Are you clenching your teeth? All this tension really aggravates the pain of arthritis. Massage is a way to help us relax and allow the blood to flow naturally through our bodies.

Reflexology: This treatment is based on the concept that the muscles and organs of the body are affected by specific areas of the feet. When pressure is applied to these areas of the soles of the feet, other locations of the body relax.

Flotation Therapy: Floating in a pool filled with Epsom salts in a room with restricted light and sound is relaxing and therapeutic. The combination of relaxation, weightlessness, and the Epsom salts has been documented to relieve pain partly by stimulating endorphin production. Flotation tanks are used in clinics to treat persons with chronic pain, to reduce anxiety, and to treat addictive behaviors like cigarette smoking.

Heat Treatment: Perhaps the oldest known treatment for arthritis is simply a hot bath. People have been going to resorts with hot mineral springs for centuries. Heat can be found in a hot bath, hot pack, or a heating pad. Another method of heat application is hot paraffin. Paraffin baths are simply heated containers filled with melted paraffin and wintergreen oil. Beauty salons use them as a hand treatment, but for arthritis sufferers these baths are a way to get deep heat to the small joints in the hands or feet. After dipping the hand a dozen times to coat it with hot paraffin, you wrap it with plastic, cover it with a towel, and leave it until it is cool. The paraffin baths can be found at medical supply firms.

Cold Treatment: Cold, wet compresses or ice packs applied to the affected area work better than heat for soothing sharp, intense pain of an arthritis flare-up. Use cold treatment for 10 to 20 minutes but not longer or there could be damage to the skin.

Biofeedback: Biofeedback is being taught today by physicians, psychiatrists, psychologists, and many types of therapists. You learn several types of relaxation techniques and by attaching sensitive monitors to your body you can see immediately how your body is reacting to your efforts to relax, lower your blood pressure, diminish your pulse rate, change your temperature, or relax your muscles. Biofeedback reinforces your efforts to control your involuntary reflexes. The monitors let you know if your attempts to "tell your body" what to do are working. Eventually people are able to control these bodily processes without the use of the machine. In Raynaud's phenomenon, for example, you may be able to increase blood flow to your hands or feet. By reducing stress and relaxing tight muscles you may reduce the level of pain and the need for medications.

Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS): This involves the use of electrical stimulation of the nerves to block the pain signals to the brain. It is performed by a professional and is usually done after other methods have been tried and failed. It seems to work best when the pain is in a specific area, such as the lower back. Electrodes are placed on the skin with some gel in the area to be treated. The electrical current is low level and produces a slight, tingling sensation. As with most treatments for pain relief, it does not always work, but it is frequently helpful.

Visualization: Visualization has been shown to eliminate or reduce pain. Hypnotherapists use it to help patients come up with images that help pain become more tolerable or detract attention away from it. Close your eyes, breathe deeply, and imagine that you are in a place that is particularly restful. Bringing up this image at times of stress can be soothing and refreshing.

Meditation: Like visualization, this method can bring about relaxation and reduction of stress. It can slow the heart rate and breathing, thereby reducing stress. Those who practice meditation regularly are physiologically younger than their chronological age and report decreased anxiety, depression, and tension, and increased concentration and resilience.

Deep Breathing: Deep breathing is an effective way to relax. Try to find a time when you will not be disturbed. Find a comfortable, quiet place with as few distractions as possible. Lie down, letting your body be as limp as possible, and close your eyes. Begin breathing very deeply, slowly, and rhythmically. Clear your mind of all your problems and distractions. You can concentrate on a word, any word that will help you relax. Pretend that you are inhaling all the positive energy around you, then exhale all the negative. Try it for five or 10 minutes at first and work up to20 or 30 minutes.

Positive Imagery: This is a variation of deep breathing. The basic idea is to put yourself in a quiet place with minimal disturbances, close your eyes, relax, and breathe deeply several times. Then imagine that you are in a place where you are happy and relaxed; it might be the beach, the mountains, a cabin in a storm, a boat in calm waters, or whatever place makes you happy. In your mind look carefully at the entire scene. Imagine the smells, the temperature, the sounds, anything you can observe about this happy place. It might mean going back in time to a point in your life when you felt safe and happy. Positive imagery helps you to relax, subdue tensions, and lessen pain.

Self-Hypnosis: This is a way to put yourself into a state of deep relaxation. There are audiotapes available in most bookstores to help you with most of these types of deep relaxation, but a therapist can also be very helpful in teaching the technique.

Relax to Music, Ease Blood Pressure

Breathing Slowly While Listening to Music for Half an Hour Daily May Improve Mild Hypertension
By Miranda Hitti
WebMD Medical NewsReviewed by Louise Chang, MD

May 15, 2008 -- Blood pressure a bit too high? Spending half an hour a day listening to music and breathing slowly may help.

That's what happened in a new Italian study of 28 adults taking drugs to control their mild high blood pressure (hypertension).

First, the patients wore a device that tracked their blood pressure for 24 hours. Next, they were given a CD of classical, Celtic, or Indian music. All of the tunes on the CD had similar slow rhythms, Professor Pietro A. Modesti, MD, PhD, of Italy's University of Florence, tells WebMD in an email.

The patients were assigned to listen to the CD for 30 minutes per day for a month and to breathe slowly while listening to the music, taking twice as long to exhale as to inhale. At the end of the month, the patients wore the blood pressure monitor again.

The patients' blood pressure improved during the study. When the experiment ended, their average systolic blood pressure (the first number in a blood pressure reading) had dropped three points, and their average diastolic blood pressure (the second number in a blood pressure reading) had dropped four points.

For comparison, 20 other patients didn't listen to music or practice slow breathing. Their blood pressure didn't change during the study.

It's not clear what mattered more, the music or the slow breathing. "The antihypertensive effects [have] to be considered as the result of the combination of music and breathing exercises," Modesti notes.

The findings were presented in New Orleans at the American Society of Hypertension's annual scientific meeting. Modesti calls for further studies to see if the results hold up in the long term.

The 10 Nutrition Rules of Weight Loss

WebMD Feature from "Runner's World" Magazine By Nancy Clark

Nutritionist Nancy Clark shares ten tips every runner should know if they want to lose some weight.


1. To lose 10 pounds of body fat a year, you need to eat 100 calories less per day. Cutting too many calories from your daily intake will sap your energy level and increase your hunger, making you more susceptible to splurging on high-calorie foods.
2. Don't skip breakfast. Eat within two hours of waking.
3. In fact, eat more breakfast than you think you should. Trade in some of your dinner calories for more calories at breakfast.
4. Don't allow yourself to get hungry. Eat at least every four hours, and split a meal in half to make sure you properly fuel up pre- and postrun. For example, eat part of your breakfast before your morning run (a banana) and the rest of your breakfast afterward (a bagel with peanut butter).
5. Eat at least three kinds of food each meal from these four categories: breads, cereals, and grains; fruits and vegetables; low-fat dairy and soy; and lean meats, fish, and nuts. Breads, cereals, and grains should be the foundation of each meal, with protein as an accompaniment.
6. Shoot for a gradual loss of body fat. You're more likely to put the weight back on (and more) if you drop weight too quickly.
7. Liquid calories add up fast and can lead to weight gain. Minimize the amount of sodas, juices, store-bought smoothies, sports drinks, coffee drinks, and alcohol you consume.
8. Eat closer to the earth, enjoying fruits, vegetables, and whole grains. Minimize the amount of processed foods you eat; they tend to offer less fiber and are less satiating.
9. If you can't resist fast food, ask for nutritional information before you make your choices (or check in advance via restaurant Web sites). Avoid any menu items with the words "fried," "crispy," and "special sauce," which are guaranteed to be high calorie.
10. Remember that the calories in the energy bars, sports drinks, and gels you consume during a run add up, even though you're running. Consume them only as needed.

Create Your Own Luck

by Donald J. Trump

“Luck is when opportunity meets preparedness.”

I don’t know who made that statement. But whoever said it, I agree.

I've often heard people talking about how so-and-so is so lucky (as if to emphasize that they themselves are not lucky). I think what's really happening is the complainers aren't “working themselves into luck.” If you want to be lucky, prepare for something big.

Developing your talents requires work, and work creates luck. Having this attitude toward success is a great way to set yourself on a rewarding course for your life.

There was a lot of talk for a while about venting your frustrations and anxieties and how it might be healthy to get them off your chest. To a point, yes, but to an exaggerated degree, no. I read an article recently about how complaining, without doing anything about it, is actually detrimental to physical and mental well-being.

With the advent of blogging and all the other sorts of opinion-gushing venues available to everyone now, people are spending way too much time harping on negative themes. The emphasis is out of balance, and the negative focus doesn't help the situation.

Don't dwell so much on a problem that you've exhausted yourself before you can even entertain a solution. It just doesn't make sense. It takes brainpower and energy to think positively and creatively - and to see creatively and positively. Going negative is the easy way, the lazy way. Use your brainpower to focus on positives and solutions instead, and your own mindset will help create your own luck.

Shakespeare put it this way, in a famous quote from Julius Caesar:

“The fault is not in our stars, dear Brutus, but in ourselves.”

That's a clear message. We are responsible for ourselves. We are responsible for our own luck. What an empowering thought! If you see responsibility as a bum deal, then you are not seeing it for what it really is - a great opportunity.

Let's say you're facing some big challenge today. I can tell you right now you've got a lot of company. What will separate you from the complaining crowd will be how you choose to look at your situation. If you believe you are in control of it - and you are - you will know exactly who to look for when you need help: yourself. You could be your greatest discovery yet for success, luck, power, and happiness.

When I encountered enormous financial challenges back in the 1990s, I was mature enough to assume responsibility and know that the problem was mine. I knew it wouldn't do any good to blame other people. That would be a waste of time, and that's one kind of loss I don't like. Time is something that cannot be replaced. If you find yourself slipping into the blaming others mode, get out of it quickly.

Give luck the chance it needs to play itself out in your life. No one can do it for you. As soon as you discover that luck is yours to create, you'll be thinking and seeing things in a whole new way. So work hard, have fun, and good luck.

source:http://www.trumpuniversity.com/connect/newsletters/itt/issue110.cfm#1

Setup PCMAV-1.2 with ClamAV

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Mount Bromo

Mount Bromo also Gunung Bromo, located in the Tengger Caldera, is one of the most popular tourist attractions in East Java, Indonesia. It is an active volcano and part of the Tengger massif, and even though at 2329 meters it is not the highest peak of the massif, it is the most well known.

Legend

According to a local folk tale, at the end of the 15th century princess Roro Anteng from the Majapahit Empire started a separate principality together with her husband Joko Seger. They named it Tengger by the last syllables of their names. The principality did prosper, but the ruling couple failed to conceive children. In their despair they climbed Mount Bromo to pray to the gods, who granted them help, but requested the last child to be sacrificed to the gods. They had 24 children, and when the 25th and last child Kesuma was born Roro Anteng refused to do the sacrifice as promised. The gods then threatened with fire and brimstone, until she finally did the sacrifice. After the child was thrown into the crater, the voice of the child ordered the local people to perform an annual ceremony on the volcano, which is not held today.

The Biggest Budhis Temple

BOROBUDUR TEMPLE

Borobudur is a ninth century Mahayana Buddhist monument in Magelang, Central Java, Indonesia. The monument comprises six square platforms topped by three circular platforms, and is decorated with 2,672 relief panels and 504 Buddha statues. A main dome is located at the center of the top platform, and is surrounded by seventy-two Buddha statues seated inside perforated stupa.

The monument is both a shrine to the Lord Buddha and a place for Buddhist pilgrimage. The journey for pilgrims begins at the base of the monument and follows a path circumambulating the monument while ascending to the top through the three levels of Buddhist cosmology, namely, Kamadhatu (the world of desire); Rupadhatu (the world of forms); and Arupadhatu (the world of formless). During the journey, the monument guides the pilgrims through a system of stairways and corridors with 1,460 narrative relief panels on the wall and the balustrades.

Evidence suggests Borobudur was abandoned following the fourteenth century decline of Buddhist and Hindu kingdoms in Java, and the Javanese conversion to Islam. It was rediscovered in 1814 by Sir Thomas Raffles, the British ruler of Java. Borobudur has since been preserved through several restorations. The largest restoration project was undertaken between 1975 and 1982 by the Indonesian government and UNESCO, following which the monument was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Borobudur is still used for pilgrimage, where once a year Buddhists in Indonesia celebrate Vesak at the monument, and Borobudur is Indonesia's single most visited tourist attraction.


Architecture
Borobudur ground plan


Borobudur is built as a single large stupa, and when viewed from above takes the form of a giant tantric Buddhist mandala, simultaneously representing the Buddhist cosmology and the nature of mind. The foundation is a square, approximately 118 meters (387 ft) on each side. It has nine platforms, of which the lower six are square and the upper three are circular. The upper platform features seventy-two small stupas surrounding one large central stupa. Each stupa is bell-shaped and pierced by numerous decorative openings. Statues of the Buddha sit inside the pierced enclosures.

Approximately 55,000 m³ (1,942,307 cubic feet) of stones were taken from neighbouring rivers to build the monument. The stone was cut to size, transported to the site and laid without mortar. Knobs, indentations and dovetails were used to form joints between stones. Reliefs were created in-situ after the building had been completed. The monument is equipped with a good drainage system to cater for the area's high stormwater run-off. To avoid inundation, 100 spouts are provided at each corner with a unique carved gargoyles in the shape of giants or makaras.

Borobudur differs markedly with the general design of other structures built for this purpose. Instead of building on a flat surface, Borobudur is built on a natural hill. The building technique is, however, similar to other temples in Java. With no inner space as in other temples and its general design similar to the shape of pyramid, Borobudur was first thought more likely to have served as a stupa, instead of a temple. A stupa is intended as a shrine for the Lord Buddha. Sometimes stupas were built only as devotional symbols of Buddhism. A temple, on the other hand, is used as a house of deity and have inner spaces for worship. The complexity of the monument's meticulous design suggests Borobudur is in fact a temple. Congregational worship in Borobudur is performed by means of pilgrimage. Pilgrims were guided by the system of staircases and corridors ascending to the top platform. Each platform represents one stage of enlightenment. The path that guides pilgrims was designed with the symbolism of sacred knowledge according to the Buddhist cosmology.

Little is known about the architect Gunadharma.His name is actually recounted from Javanese legendary folk tales rather than written in old inscriptions. He was said to be one who "... bears the measuring rod, knows division and thinks himself composed of parts. The basic unit measurement he used during the construction was called tala, defined as the length of a human face from the forehead's hairline to the tip of the chin or the distance from the tip of the thumb to the tip of the middle finger when both fingers are stretched at their maximum distance. The unit metrics is then obviously relative between persons, but the monument has exact measurements. A survey conducted in 1977 revealed frequent findings of a ratio of 4:6:9 around the monument. The architect had used the formula to lay out the precise dimensions of Borobudur. The identical ratio formula was further found in the nearby Buddhist temples of Pawon and Mendhut. Archeologists conjectured the purpose of the ratio formula and the tala dimension has calendrical, astronomical and cosmological themes, as of the case in other Buddhist temple of Angkor Wat in Cambodia.

The main vertical structure can be divided into three groups: base (or foot), body, and top, which resembles the three major division of a human body.The base is a 123x123 m² square in size and 4 meters (13 ft) high of walls. The body is composed of five square platforms each with diminishing heights. The first terrace is set back 7 meters (23 ft) from the edge of the base. The other terraces are set back by 2 meters (7 ft), leaving a narrow corridor at each stage. The top consists of 3 circular platforms, with each stage supporting a row of perforated stupas, arranged in concentric circles. There is one main dome at the center; the top of which is the highest point of the monument (35 meters (115 ft) above ground level). Access to the upper part is through stairways at the centre of each side with a number of gates, watched by a total of 32 lion statues. The main entrance is at the eastern side, the location of the first narrative reliefs. On the slopes of the hill, there are also stairways linking the monument to the low-lying plain.

The monument's three divisions symbolize three stages of mental preparation towards the ultimate goal according to the Buddhist cosmology, namely Kamadhatu (the world of desires), Rupadhatu (the world of forms), and finally Arupadhatu (the formless world). Kamadhatu is represented by the base, Rupadhatu by the five square platforms (the body), and Arupadhatu by the three circular platforms and the large topmost stupa. The architectural features between three stages have metaphorical differences. For instance, square and detailed decorations in the Rupadhatu disappear into plain circular platforms in the Arupadhatu to represent how the world of forms - where men are still attached with forms and names - changes into the world of the formless.

In 1885, a hidden structure under the base was accidentally discovered. The "hidden foot" contains reliefs, 160 of which are narrative describing the real Kamadhatu. The remaining reliefs are panels with short inscriptions that apparently describe instruction for the sculptors, illustrating the scene to be carved. The real base is hidden by an encasement base, the purpose of which remains a mystery. It was first thought that the real base had to be covered to prevent a disastrous subsidence of the monument through the hill. There is another theory that the encasement base was added because the original hidden foot was incorrectly designed, according to Vastu Shastra, the Indian ancient book about architecture and town planning. Regardless of its intention, the encasement base was built with detailed and meticulous design with aesthetics and religious compensation.

For more information to visit Borobudur please email us, and we will give you our best price

source:Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Game becomes film

SAN FRANCISCO - Reuters

Take-Two Interactive Software Inc said that "Pirates of the Caribbean" director Gore Verbinski will make a movie version of the "BioShock," hit video game about an underwater utopia gone disastrously wrong.

"Gore is an avid video gamer and true fan of 'BioShock.' That was extremely important to us in deciding to move forward with this project," Christoph Hartmann, president of Take-Two's 2K Games label, said.

Take-Two did not disclose financial terms of the deal or other details, such as when the film would be released. The company is the target of a $2 billion takeover bid by rival game publisher Electronic Arts Inc.

Released last August for Microsoft Corp's Xbox 360 game console, "BioShock" won praise for its complex story, haunting art deco atmosphere and creepy characters such as Big Daddies and Little Sisters.

"BioShock" has sold more than two million copies and Take-Two is working on a sequel.

The "BioShock" movie deal is the latest sign of the growing importance of video games in popular culture.

Earlier this week, Take-Two said its "Grand Theft Auto 4" criminal action game racked up more than $500 million in global sales in its first week.

That handily topped Hollywood's biggest film debut, Verbinski's "Pirates of the Caribbean: At World's End," which pulled in $406 million in global box office receipts in its first six days.

HUNTING PARTY

A
young journalist (Jesse Eisenberg), a seasoned cameraman (Terrence
Howard) and a discredited journalist (Richard Gere) who embark on an
unauthorized mission to find the "No. 1 war criminal from the Bosnian
conflict" - Radoslav Bogdanovic a.k.a. The Fox. They find themselves in
serious jeopardy when they are mistaken as a CIA hit squad and their
target decides to come after them

Genre
ACTION
Player
RICHARD GERE, TERRENCE HOWARD, JESSE EISENBERG, MARK IVANIR, GORAN KOSTIC
Directed by
RICHARD SHEPARD
Written by
ICHARD SHEPARD
Producer
MARK JOHNSON, PAUL HANSON
Production Company
THE WEINSTEIN COMPANY
Homepage
http://www.thehuntingpartymovie.com/
Trailer
http://www.thehuntingpartymovie.com/
Duration
104 MIN

source

(http://www.21cineplex.com/movie.cfm?id=1857)

NO COUNTRY FOR OLD

MEN

The story begins when Llewelyn Moss (Josh Brolin) finds a pickup truck surrounded by a sentry of dead men. A load of heroin and two million dollars in cash are still in the back. When Moss takes the money, he sets off a chain reaction of catastrophic violence that not even the law - in the person of aging, disillusioned Sheriff Bell (Tommy Lee Jones) - can contain

As Moss tries to evade his pursuers - in particular a mysterious mastermind who flips coins for human lives (Javier Bardem)

Genre

DRAMA/CRIME

Players

TOMMY LEE JONES, JOSH BROLIN, JAVIER BARDEM

Directed by

JOEL COEN, ETHAN COEN

Written by

JOEL COEN, ETHAN COEN

Producer

JOEL COEN, ETHAN COEN, SCOTT RUDIN

Production Company

PARAMOUNT VANTAGE

Homepage

http://video.movies.go.com/nocountryforoldmen/

Trailer

http://video.movies.go.com/nocountryforoldmen/

Duration
122 MiN

source

(http://www.21cineplex.com/movie.cfm?id=1871)

Paypal Verification with Debit Card(Visa)

To begin online business, one of the criteria you must has account at e-gold or paypal. But, most often used by user is paypal,because it's safe and trusted. For you that living in Indonesia, to make account paypal approved you must has credit card for verification, this is difficult matter to do for most of online business executant that doesn't has credit card.This is the alternative way if your paypal account can be approved without use credit card,that is make account at america bank,later will give you debit card ( visa) that can be used for paypal verification .

This is guide to open account at America Bank. . . ,
First, please go to this site, click here

When reach site pages, so follow steps below:

1. Click button " Open new account"
2. Insert your datas in enrollment form .
3. Furthermore you will get account security codes (ASC) formed pdf file, (Please cheque your email ). ASC used to accessing your account at eternity banking. This ASC function is not different from Keybca system in BCA bank .
4. Your american bank account is ready to use

To be able to purchase Debit Card / Visa Card, you must be a gold member.Criteria to be gold member, you must send copy of id card, driver lisence, etc. please see in your member area , at part" get verified"

We suggest you to be gold member, because when be gold member, you can fill your account bank variously. can via paypal (when has), can via wire transfer, e-gold, e-bullion, credit card, ach transfer, and as it.

update: for admission filling via e-gold this time is disable

Then, how you can take money from your america bank bill? we can do variously.

1.Via ATM, when did you has ATM card , process very fast, when fund appear in your account , so you can take it via ATM(Visa) anywhere,transaction is real time. Only must be remember, the administration cost is high, that is $3.5 / withdrawal with ATM.
2.Via wire transfer, your money can send to particular indonesia bank, just send information account number, bank name, swift code,ABA routing, account name owner, etc, the process will take 7 workday.

(taken from semuabisnis.com)

Woman at work

Can not be denied again that at loaded era globalization rumors like in
this time, character with mobilely woman in will underpin family
economics very be need, especially moslem woman. There are some where
does moslem woman in work, that is:
1 Get husband permission
2 Be urgent requirement
3 Escaped from slander
4 Watch over fringes that appointed in islam
5 In moderation in look for treasure
6 Actually living is husband duty.For the reason that woman chances to
work, has opportunity to be able to get reward from alms and donation
whom she releases
7. Strive for tawazun (balance) between work, self and household

From several criterias on of course not get out of observation
al-qur'an and al-hadis.
There are some verses in al-quran that mention that woman is not
forbidden to work, those verses:
1. Surah al-qashash, verses(23-28),
narrated to hit two prophet daughters syu'aib that axis to shepherd
goat at grassland, then come in contact with axis mozes prophet.

[28: 23]
and when does he came unto the water of midian he found there a whole
tribe of men, watering. and he is found apart from them two
women keeping back (their flocks). he is said: what aileth you? the
two said: we are cannot give (our flocks) is to drink till the
shepherds return from the water; and our is father is a very old
man.

[28: 24]
so he is watered (their flock) is for them. then he is turned aside
into the shade, and said: my is lord! i am general needy of whatever
good thou sendest down for me.

[28: 25]
then there came unto him one of the two women, walking shyly. he is
said: lo! my is father biddeth thee, that is him may reward thee
with a payment for that is thou mendst water (the flock) for us.
then, when does he came unto him and told him the (whole) story, he
is said: fear musical note! thou hast escaped from the wrongdoing
folk.

[28: 26]
one of the two women said: o my is father! hire him! for the best
(man) that is thou canst hire in the strong, the trustworthy.

[28: 27]
he is said: lo! i am fain would marry thee to one of these two
daughters of mine on condition that is thou hirest thyself to me for
(the m of) eight pilgrimages. then if thou completest ten it will be
of thine own accord, for me would musical note make it hard for
thee. allah willing, thou wilt find me of the righteous.

[28: 28]
he is said: that (is is settled) between thee and me. whichever of
the two ms i am fulfil, there will be no injustice to me, and allah
is surety over what we are say.

2.Surah al-naml verse 20-44,
also apreciate leadership (policies career) a woman that named Balqis.
beside verses other that beckon that those woman may give suck child
and spin thread.

[27: 20]
and he is sought among the birds and said: how is it that me see
musical note the hoopoe, or is he is among the absent?

[27: 21]
i am verily will punish him with hard punishment or i am verily will
slay him, or he is verily shall bring me a plain excuse.

[27: 22]
but he is was musical note long in coming, and he is said: i have
found out (a thing) that is thou apprehendest musical note, and i am
come unto thee from sheba with sure tidings.

[27: 23]
lo! i am found a woman ruling over them, and he is hath been given
(abundance) of all things, and hers is a mighty throne.

[27: 24]
i am found retake and retake people worshipping the kiss instead of
allah; and satan maketh their is works fairseeming unto them, and
debarreth them from the way (of truth), so that is them go musical
note aright;

[27: 25]
so that is them worship allah musical note, who bringeth forth the
hidden in the heavens and the earth, and knoweth what ye hide and
what ye proclaim,

[27: 26]
allah; there is no god save him, the lord of the tremendous throne.

[27: 27]
(solomon) said: we are shall see whether thou speakest truth or
whether thou art of the liars.

[27: 28]
go with this is my is letter and throw it down unto them; then turn
away and see what (answer) they are return,

[27: 29]
(the queen of sheba) said (when does he received the letter): o
chieftains! lo! there hath been thrown unto me a noble letter.

[27: 30]
lo! it is from solomon, and lo! it is: in the name of allah, the
beneficent, the merciful;

[27: 31]
exalt musical note yourselves against me, but come unto me axis those
who surrender.

[27: 32]
he is said: o chieftains! pronounce for me in my is case. i am decide
no case till ye acres present with me.

[27: 33]
they are said: we are acres lords of might and lords of great
prowess, but it is for thee to command; so consider what thou wilt
command.

[27: 34]
he is said: lo! kings, when do they enter a township, ruin it and
make the honour of its people shame. thus will they are do.

[27: 35]
but lo! i am general going to send a present unto them, and to see
with what (answer) the messengers return.

[27: 36]
so when (the envoy) came unto solomon, (the king) said: what! would ye
help me with wealth? but that is which allah hath given me is better
than that is which he is hath given you. nay it is ye (and musical note
i) who exult in your gift.

[27: 37]
return unto them. we are verily shall come unto them with hosts that is
them cannot resist, and we are shall drive them out from thence with
shame, and they are will be abased.

[27: 38]
he is said: o chiefs! which of you will bring me retake throne before
they are come unto me, surrendering?

[27: 39 ]
a stalwart of the jinn said: i am will bring it thee before thou canst
rise from thy place. lo! i am verily general strong and trusty for such
work.

[27: 40]
one with whom was knowledge of the scripture said: i am will bring it
thee before thy gaze returneth unto thee. and when does he may allah
bless him and give him peace it set in his presence, (solomon) said:
this is is of the bounty of my is lord, that is him may try me whether
i am give thanks or general ungrateful. whosoever giveth thanks he only
giveth thanks for (the good of) his is own soul; and whosoever is
ungrateful (is ungrateful only to his is own soul’s hurt). for lo! my
is lord is absolute in independence, bountiful.

[27: 41]
he is said: menyguise retake throne for retake that us may see whether
he is will go aright or be of those musical note rightly guided.

[27: 42 ]
so, when does he came, it was said (unto retake): is thy throne like
this? he is said: (it is) axis though it were the very one. and
(solomon said): we are were given the knowledge before retake and we
are had surrendered (to allah).

[27: 43]
and (all) that is him was wont to worship instead of allah hindered
retake, for him came of menybelieving folk.

[27: 44]
it was said unto retake: enter the hall. and when does he may allah
bless him and give him peace it he deemed it a pool and bared retake
legs. (solomon) said: lo! it is a hall, made smooth, of glass. he is
said: my is lord! lo! i have wronged myself, and i am surrender with
solomon unto allah, the lord of the worlds.

3. Al-nahl, verse 97
Whosoever doeth right, whether male or female, and is a believer, him
verily we are shall quicken with good life, and we are shall pay them
a recompense in proportion to the best of what they are used to do.

4. Ali imran: 195
And their is lord hath heard them (and he saith): lo! i am suffer
musical note the work of any worker, male or female, to be lost. ye
proceed one from another. so those who fled and were driven forth
from their homes and suffered damage for my cause, and fought and
were slain, verily i am shall remit their is evil deeds from them
and verily i am shall bring them into gardens underneath which
rivers flow - a reward from allah. and with allah is the fairest of
rewards.

From al hadis there also explain that moslem woman is permitted to
work. hadis:
1. hr. at-tabrani
“woman not justifiably out the house but if he forced (because one
important matter) and he also not justifiably passes road backs but the
sides”

2. hr. bukhari
“actually permitted allah for you (woman) out to a certain need (that
corrected by syara’)”

3. hr. ahmad
“not occasionally a woman and man secludes (both in lonely place)
because the third is syetan, except espoused muhrim”

4. hr. khatib
every secretory wife house without the husband permission, permanent
stay in angry allah so that return to the house or forgiven by her
husband”

From several verses and hadis on inferential that actually there is no
prohibition for moslem woman to work.
When do i write this, so that truth is incoming from allah the almighty
and most worthy of praise, and when does wrong, so thoroughly that
error is from me as human.

Transformation

Alhamdulillah finally this blog is finished. I pray to god that this blog can be benefit to friends that visit to this blog , and i have said my affection to bloger friends that help me with their articles, my husband that introduce world wide web and bloger to me and also god that guide my life.
I first time so startled when be introduced with bloger world they say be a place to look for money. During the time i understand if look for money i must work at famous companies , by the way i am former employee. But after take alook for info,obvious true blog can be a place to make money at internet, the benefit is clear, we can have time for family, income is determined ourselves, and still a lot another.
Blog give a chance to be a business owner, where credibility be guarantee because with blog, we don't take outside cost to lease hosting etc. Belief is principal capital at bloger world.This blog made to help fellow in order to increase quality standard of life at uncertain economy condition like in this time.I hope this blog can help you to achieving a better quality of life such as those which you are want.